It was established that urolithins inhibit proinflammatory cytokines expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages, which has an important role in inflammatory bowel diseases. This is also evidenced by experiments on the gut microbiota-derived metabolites of ellagitannins-urolithins. All changes in the chemical composition of the raw plant material caused by the interaction with microbiota can lead to potentially active compounds responsible for their bioactivity in vivo. Twenty metabolites were detected and characterized after incubating the linden flower extract with human gut microbiota. For instance, human and swine microbiota transformed natural products in the goldenrod infusion into smaller molecules, mainly phenylpropanoid acid derivatives. However, nowadays, many investigations on microbiota residing in the gut have been described.
#Mercurius homeopathic software cracking skin#
In terms of the influence of microbiota on plant materials, it should be mentioned that the literature review showed a lack of information about the skin microbiota metabolism. The current knowledge on investigations of interactions of plant materials/extracts with skin microbiome was reviewed for the first time.
The review aims to summarize the hitherto scientific data on plant-based topical preparations used in Poland and Ukraine and indicate future directions of the studies respecting recent developments in understanding the etiology of skin diseases. Although the influence of various plants on skin-related ailments are well documented in vivo and in vitro, little is known about the interaction with the network of the skin microbial ecosystem. Recent advances in the contribution of the skin microbiota in maintaining skin homeostasis can shed new light on understanding the activity of topically applied plant-based products. Although plant-based formulations have been used by humankind since ancient times, it is often unclear what the mechanisms of the observed beneficial effects are. They are applied in various pharmaceutical forms, such as raw infusions, tinctures, creams, and ointments. With milder symptoms, which do not require acute pharmacological interventions, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetic products of plant material origin are gaining greater popularity among professionals and patients.
In severe cases, they require the topical application of drugs, such as antibiotics, steroids, and calcineurin inhibitors. Skin disorders of different etiology, such as dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, wounds, burns, and others, are widely spread in the population.
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