#Mach 4 crack crack#
Then, the crack models including discrete crack models and smeared crack models are discussed, highlighting their key features, advantages and limitations. The experimental observations are first summarized, followed by the physics of crack branching. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of crack branching, including experimental observations, physics, fracture models and associated numerical methods. At present, the field of crack branching is still at an exploration stage, lacking a unified explanation of the underlying mechanisms and an effective method to predict crack branching in practical materials. We also describe the characterization of quasi-stationary cracks in elastomers subjected to various types of biaxial loading, providing a basis for the fracture mechanics of elastomers under multiaxial deformation.Ĭrack branching has important theoretical and practical significance in many natural phenomena and practical engineering problems. The effects of anisotropic stress softening (anisotropic Mullins effect), which is pronounced in filler-reinforced elastomers, on the crack-tip properties are elucidated. The velocity and crack-tip features of fast-moving cracks are discussed in relation to the nonlinear elasticity and viscoelasticity of bulk elastomers. The crack-tip features, including the crack-tip profiles and the local crack-tip strain BookID _ChapID _Proof# 1-9/11/21 fields, are revealed for a quasi-stationary crack and fast-moving cracks ranging from subsonic to super-shear (intersonic) cracks. This article described in summarized form our recent experimental investigations on fast crack growth in elastomers. Understanding the crack growth mechanism is important for toughening elastomers.
#Mach 4 crack verification#
We present verification of the algorithm and demonstrate its capabilities by modeling high-strain rate damage nucleation and propagation in nonlinear solids using a novel Eulerian-Lagrangian continuum framework.Ĭrack growth often leads to catastrophic failure of rubber products.
Consequently, our method provides high fidelity simulations with significant data compression. By leveraging wavelet theory and embedding a predictor-corrector procedure within the time advancement loop, we dynamically adapt the computational grid and maintain accuracy of the solutions of the PDEs as they evolve. The algorithm exploits the multiresolution nature of wavelet basis functions to solve initial-boundary value problems on finite domains with a sparse multiresolution spatial discretization. To that end, we develop a wavelet based technique to solve a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) while resolving features on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Multiscale and multiphysics problems need novel numerical methods in order for them to be solved correctly and predictively.
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